The same standard procedure for every problem — from two heirs all the way to munasakhat. This chapter also introduces the nine madhhab-version base numbers (7 ordinary bases + 18 and 36, the two extra ones specific to the grandfather case), which do not appear in the tarjih system.
The 7-step procedure
flowchart TB
classDef proses fill:#713f12,stroke:#ca8a04,color:#fef9c3
classDef furud fill:#1e3a8a,stroke:#3b82f6,color:#dbeafe
classDef asabah fill:#134e4a,stroke:#14b8a6,color:#ccfbf1
classDef hasil fill:#3b0764,stroke:#a855f7,color:#f3e8ff
S1["1. Filter: mani' & hajb<br/>(chapters 02, 05)"]:::proses --> S2["2. Status of each heir:<br/>furudh / 'ashabah (chapters 03, 04)"]:::furud
S2 --> S3["3. BASE NUMBER<br/>= LCM of the furudh denominators"]:::proses
S3 --> S4["4. Furudh shares<br/>= base × fraction"]:::furud
S4 --> S5["5. Remainder → 'ashabah (2:1)<br/>· grandfather case: chapter 08"]:::asabah
S5 --> S6["6. Correction: 'awl / radd / tashih<br/>(chapter 07)"]:::proses
S6 --> S7["7. Currency: estate ÷ final base<br/>× each heir's share units"]:::hasil
Base number
Base number (ashlul-mas’alah) = the smallest number that holds all the furudh fractions with no remainder (the LCM of the denominators). The combinations of furudh produce seven bases: 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24.
| What is present | Base |
|---|---|
| 1/2 alone | 2 |
| 1/3 or 2/3 (± their pair) | 3 |
| 1/4 (± 1/2) | 4 |
| 1/6 (± 1/2, 1/3, 2/3) | 6 |
| 1/8 (± 1/2) | 8 |
| 1/4 meeting a third/sixth-share family | 12 |
| 1/8 meeting a third/sixth-share family | 24 |
Extra in the madhhab system: in the grandfather-with-siblings chapter (chapter 08), a 1/3-of-the-remainder fraction appears for the grandfather; to accommodate it, the faraidh books add base 18 (6 × 3) and 36 (12 × 3). These are the two “extra bases” that make the madhhab system known as more complex — and that disappear when using the grandfather-as-father tarjih.
Additional rule: when all heirs are ‘ashabah with no furudh heirs, the base = the head count (male 2, female 1).
A fully worked example
A male deceased leaves behind a wife, a mother, and a full paternal uncle. Estate: Rp 120,000,000.
- Filter: no mani’; the uncle is not excluded (no closer ‘ashabah is present).
- Status: wife 1/4 (no descendant); mother 1/3 (no descendant, no 2+ siblings); uncle ‘ashabah.
- Base: LCM(4,3) = 12.
- Shares: wife 3, mother 4.
- Remainder: 12 − 7 = 5 → uncle.
- Correction: none needed.
- Currency: 1 share = 10 million → wife 30 million, mother 40 million, uncle 50 million.
Base number: 12 Estate: Rp 120,000,000
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Heir Status Shares Amount
wife 1/4 3 30,000,000
mother 1/3 4 40,000,000
uncle 'ashabah 5 50,000,000
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Total 12 120,000,000 ✓A saving habit: always total the amount column and check it against the estate.
Three possible outcomes after the furudh
- Comes out even — done.
- Remainder + an ‘ashabah is present — the remainder goes to the ‘ashabah (the example above).
- Does not come out even — furudh exceed the base → ‘awl; a remainder with no ‘ashabah → radd; shares that do not divide evenly among heads → tashih. All three are in chapter 07.
Sources: at-Tahqiqat al-Mardhiyyah, chapter on ta’shilul-masa’il; al-Mulakhkhash al-Fiqhi (Shamela 11811); bases 18 & 36: the grandfather chapter discussion in the faraidh books (see chapter 08). Full list in 15-references.