The longest section of the text: the six fixed shares and their holders, versified number by number (the chapter on the half, the chapter on the quarter, and so on). This chapter follows ar-Rahbiyyah’s distinctive per-number order — a slightly different memorization path from the per-person tables in the two previous bundles, though the content is the same because it rests on the same texts.
By number, as the nazham arranges it
One-half (1/2) — five holders
- Husband — when the deceased has no inheriting descendant.
- A single daughter — with no brother.
- A single son’s daughter — with no [surviving] child and no [surviving] son’s son.
- A single full sister — in kalalah, alone.
- A single paternal half-sister — as above, plus with no full sister.
One-quarter (1/4) — two holders
Husband (with a descendant) and wife (with no descendant; 1–4 wives share it).
One-eighth (1/8) — one holder
Wife together with a descendant.
Two-thirds (2/3) — four groups
The plural version of the 1/2 holders other than the husband: 2+ daughters, 2+ son’s daughters, 2+ full sisters, 2+ paternal half-sisters.
One-third (1/3) — two holders
- Mother — with no descendant and no 2+ siblings of the deceased; and
- 2+ maternal half-siblings — divided equally (male = female; An-Nisa 12).
Plus the special case of the mother receiving 1/3 of the residue in al-‘Umariyyatain (chapter 09).
One-sixth (1/6) — seven holders
Father and mother (with a descendant) · grandfather · grandmother · a son’s daughter completing the 2/3 alongside 1 daughter · a paternal half-sister completing the 2/3 alongside 1 full sister · a single maternal half-sibling.
flowchart TB
classDef separo fill:#1e3a8a,stroke:#3b82f6,color:#dbeafe
classDef tiga fill:#134e4a,stroke:#14b8a6,color:#ccfbf1
classDef enam fill:#713f12,stroke:#ca8a04,color:#fef9c3
A["1/2 → 5 holders<br/>1/4 → 2 · 1/8 → 1"]:::separo --> D["Pairing rule:<br/>a descendant lowers<br/>1/2→1/4 and 1/4→1/8"]:::separo
B["2/3 → 4 groups<br/>1/3 → 2 holders"]:::tiga --> E["Female group rule:<br/>one = 1/2 · two+ = 2/3"]:::tiga
C["1/6 → 7 holders"]:::enam --> F["Companion rule:<br/>parents + descendant ·<br/>grandfather-grandmother · 2 completing the 2/3 ·<br/>single maternal half-sibling"]:::enam
Details that guard against miscalculation
- “An inheriting descendant” = a child, or the child of a son (male or female). A daughter’s child is not included (dzawil arham — and per the text does not inherit at all).
- A son’s daughter’s 1/6 applies only alongside a single daughter (completing the 2/3, a ruling narrated by Ibn Mas’ud from the Prophet ﷺ, Bukhari no. 6736); if there are two daughters, the son’s daughter is blocked unless rescued by a son’s son (chapter 04).
- The mother drops to 1/6 because of 2+ siblings of any kind — including ones who are themselves mahjub (blocked); but not because of one who is mamnu’ (impeded) (chapter 02).
- The grandmother (maternal or paternal, one or more, sharing the 1/6) is blocked by the mother.
- The maternal-half-sibling line is unique twice over: male = female, and they are the only ones who can “drop a class” — see tashrik in chapter 09, where it is the full siblings who join in on their 1/3.
Sources: The text of ar-Rahbiyyah, the chapters from an-nishf to as-sudus (Shamela 11372); Syarh al-Hazimi (Shamela 36125); Qur’an, An-Nisa 11, 12, 176; Bukhari no. 6736. Full list in 15-references.