The text’s chapter on ta’sib: who receives the residue, its three kinds, and its order of precedence. The rule itself is universal — what is distinctive about Rahbiyyah is how the nazham locks that order into verse so it can’t be confused.
‘Ashabah and its evidence
The recipient of the entire residue after the fixed shares — or the entire estate if there is no fixed-share holder, or nothing if the fixed shares exhaust the estate. Evidence: “…what remains goes to the nearest male” (Bukhari no. 6732, Muslim no. 1615).
Three kinds — the same ones you already know
| Kind | Consists of | Key |
|---|---|---|
| Bin-nafsihi | All males on the heir list except the husband & maternal half-brother | Pure male line |
| Bil-ghair | 4 females together with a brother at their level | Split 2:1 |
| Ma’al-ghair | Full/paternal-half sister together with a daughter/son’s daughter | The sister becomes a residue-taker; stands in the place of a brother |
The order of precedence: jihah → degree → strength
- Jihah: bunuwwah (offspring) → ubuwwah (ascendants) → ukhuwwah (siblings) → ‘umumah (uncles) → wala’ (manumission).
- Degree: the closer relation wins (child > grandchild; sibling > sibling’s child).
- Strength: full > paternal-half, at every level (siblings, siblings’ children, uncles, uncles’ children).
Hajb on one map
Six are immune to hajb hirman (total exclusion): father, mother, son, daughter, husband, wife. The rest:
flowchart TB
classDef aman fill:#134e4a,stroke:#14b8a6,color:#ccfbf1
classDef orang fill:#1e3a8a,stroke:#3b82f6,color:#dbeafe
classDef khas fill:#713f12,stroke:#ca8a04,color:#fef9c3
AY["Father"]:::aman -->|blocks| K["Grandfather"]:::orang
IB["Mother"]:::aman -->|blocks| N["Grandmother"]:::orang
AN["Son"]:::aman -->|blocks| CU["Grandchild"]:::orang
AY -->|blocks| SK["Full sibling"]:::orang
AN -->|blocks| SK
K ===|"does NOT block —<br/>MUQASAMAH (chapter 08, Zayd's system)"| SK
SK -->|blocks| SA["Paternal half-sibling"]:::orang
KET["Descendant & father/grandfather"]:::aman -->|blocks| SI["Maternal half-sibling"]:::orang
SA -->|blocks| AS["Sibling's child → paternal uncle → uncle's child"]:::orang
The thick grandfather–sibling line is the identity mark of Zayd’s system as held by the text: the grandfather does not block the full or paternal-half sibling — they share instead under the rule in chapter 08. (Compare the two previous bundles, which follow the ruling that treats the grandfather like a father.)
Other hajb reminders
- The maternal half-sibling: blocked by an inheriting descendant and by male ascendants — only alive in kalalah.
- The paternal half-sibling: also blocked by a full brother, a full sister as ma’al-ghair, and 2 full sisters (when he has no male support).
- The son’s daughter: blocked by a son or 2 daughters, unless rescued by a son’s son.
- Mahjub still counts; mamnu’ does not — the mother still drops to 1/6 because of 2 siblings who are themselves blocked by the father.
With the fixed shares (chapter 03) plus this chapter, you’re ready for the calculation engine (chapter 05–06) — and then the three Shafi’i distinctives.
Sources: The text of ar-Rahbiyyah, the chapters on at-ta’sib & al-hajb (Shamela 11372); Syarh al-Hazimi (Shamela 36125); Bukhari no. 6732, Muslim no. 1615. Full list in 15-references.