The historic ‘awl 6→8 case (al-Mubahalah), and this bundle’s capstone case: a remainder with no ‘ashabah computed two ways side by side — the matn answer (bayt al-mal) and the practice answer (radd) — so the difference between systems is felt in rupiah.
Case E — ‘Awl 6 → 8 (al-Mubahalah)
Scenario. A deceased woman leaves behind a husband, a mother, and 1 full sister. Net estate Rp 240,000,000. (This exact composition triggered the most famous ‘awl debate: Ibn Abbas rejected ‘awl and proposed a mubahalah — a mutual oath — which is why this case is named al-Mubahalah; the majority of the Companions still held to ‘awl.)
- Status: husband 1/2 (no descendants); mother 1/3 (no descendants, only one sibling); full sister 1/2.
- Base 6: husband 3, mother 2, sister 3 → total 8 → ‘awl 6 → 8.
- Rupiah: 1 share = 240 ÷ 8 = Rp 30m.
Base number: 6 → 'awl 8 Estate: Rp 240,000,000
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Heirs Status Shares/6 Shares/8 Rupiah
husband 1/2 3 3 90,000,000
mother 1/3 2 2 60,000,000
full sister 1/2 3 3 90,000,000
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Total 8 8 240,000,000 ✓Takeaway. ‘Awl is the fairest solution for a text that is “overloaded”: there is no evidence to prefer the husband over the sister or vice versa, so everyone shrinks proportionally (the husband’s real share is 3/8, not 1/2). The matn teaches it without hesitation — Ibn Abbas’s disagreement is now just a historical footnote.
Case F — A remainder with no ‘ashabah: bayt al-mal vs. radd
Scenario. A deceased man leaves behind only a wife and 1 daughter — no ‘ashabah, no dzawil arham. Net estate Rp 240,000,000.
- Status: wife 1/8; daughter 1/2.
- Base 24: wife 3, daughter 12 → 15 used, remainder 9 — no ‘ashabah.
- Two answers (chapter 07):
Matn version (classical Zayd/Shafi’i): furudh are paid as they stand; the remainder 9/24 → bayt al-mal.
Practice version (radd — when bayt al-mal is not properly organized; also the Hanbali line): the wife is locked to 1/8 (a spouse does not receive radd); the entire remainder of 9 goes to the daughter (the sole member of the radd group).
MATN version RADD version
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
wife 1/8 = 3 Rp 30,000,000 3 Rp 30,000,000
daughter 1/2 = 12 Rp 120,000,000 12+9 Rp 210,000,000
bayt al-mal residue 9 Rp 90,000,000 — —
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Total 24 Rp 240,000,000 24 Rp 240,000,000 ✓flowchart TB
classDef proses fill:#713f12,stroke:#ca8a04,color:#fef9c3
classDef zaid fill:#7f1d1d,stroke:#ef4444,color:#fee2e2
classDef radd fill:#134e4a,stroke:#14b8a6,color:#ccfbf1
A["Remainder 9/24,<br/>no 'ashabah"]:::proses --> B["MATN (Zayd):<br/>daughter Rp 120m ·<br/>bayt al-mal Rp 90m"]:::zaid
A --> C["PRACTICE (radd):<br/>daughter Rp 210m ·<br/>wife stays at Rp 30m"]:::radd
Takeaway. The difference is Rp 90 million — not a theoretical distinction. The right order of thinking when you hit a case like this in the real world: (1) state that this point differs across madhhabs; (2) check whether a properly organized, sharia-compliant bayt al-mal exists in that jurisdiction — in Indonesia today, practically none does, so even the later Shafi’i fatwas fall back to radd; (3) decide together with the family/an ustadz and record the choice so it cannot be contested later.
Sources: Matan ar-Rahbiyyah, chapter on al-‘awl (Shamela 11372); the cross-madhhab radd/bayt al-mal position: al-Fiqh al-Muyassar; the al-Mubahalah account as narrated in faraidh books from the report of Ibn Abbas. Full list in 15-references.