Two cases from chapter 08: one where muqasamah wins, one where the 1/6 guarantee does the work. Since both twin bundles compute the tarjih version, here the tarjih version is included only as a one-line comparison.
Case C — Muqasamah wins
Scenario. The deceased leaves behind a mother, a grandfather, and 1 full brother. Net estate Rp 300,000,000.
- Status: mother 1/3 (no descendants; only one sibling — the grandfather is not a “sibling,” so the mother does not drop to 1/6); grandfather & brother → Zayd’s system, state 2 (a fixed-share holder is present: the mother).
- Base 6: mother 2, remainder 4.
- Grandfather’s options: muqasamah → heads 2+2 = 4 → grandfather 2/4 × remainder = 2 shares; 1/3 of remainder = 4/3 shares ≈ 1.33; 1/6 of the estate = 1 share. Muqasamah wins (2 > 1.33 > 1).
- Final base 6: mother 2, grandfather 2, brother 2 — each exactly 1/3. 1 share = 50m.
Base number: 6 (muqasamah) Estate: Rp 300,000,000
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Heirs Status Shares Rupiah
mother 1/3 2 100,000,000
grandfather muqasamah (best) 2 100,000,000
full brother 'ashabah 2 100,000,000
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Total 6 300,000,000 ✓Tarjih comparison (grandfather treated as father): brother drops out → mother 1/3 (Rp 100m), grandfather takes the remaining 2/3 (Rp 200m), brother gets nothing.
Case D — The 1/6 guarantee doing the work
Scenario. A deceased man leaves behind a wife, 2 daughters, a grandfather, and 2 full brothers. Net estate Rp 480,000,000.
- Status: wife 1/8; 2 daughters 2/3; grandfather & 2 brothers → Zayd’s system, state 2.
- Base 24: wife 3, daughters 16 → 19 used, remainder 5.
- Grandfather’s options: muqasamah → heads 2+2+2 = 6 → grandfather 2/6 × 5 = 5/3 shares ≈ 1.67; 1/3 of remainder = 5/3 ≈ 1.67 (tied); 1/6 of the estate = 4 shares ← the largest. Grandfather takes 1/6.
- Remainder for the 2 brothers: 5 − 4 = 1 share for 2 heads → tashih ×2 → base 48: wife 6, daughters 16 each, grandfather 8, brothers 1 each.
- Rupiah: 1 share = 10m.
Base: 24 → tashih ×2 = 48 Estate: Rp 480,000,000
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Heirs Status Shares/48 Rupiah
wife 1/8 6 60,000,000
daughter (1) 2/3 (32) 16 160,000,000
daughter (2) 16 160,000,000
grandfather 1/6 (guarantee) 8 80,000,000
full brother (1) 'ashabah remainder 1 10,000,000
full brother (2) 'ashabah remainder 1 10,000,000
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Total 48 480,000,000 ✓flowchart LR
classDef proses fill:#713f12,stroke:#ca8a04,color:#fef9c3
classDef furud fill:#1e3a8a,stroke:#3b82f6,color:#dbeafe
classDef hasil fill:#3b0764,stroke:#a855f7,color:#f3e8ff
A["Remainder after furudh: 5/24"]:::proses --> B["Grandfather's three options:<br/>muqasamah ≈ 1.67 ·<br/>1/3 of remainder ≈ 1.67 ·<br/>1/6 of estate = 4 shares"]:::furud
B --> C["1/6 WINS →<br/>grandfather 8/48, brothers split<br/>a small remainder of 2/48"]:::hasil
Tarjih comparison: the brothers drop out; the grandfather gets the full 1/6 + remainder = 5/24 (Rp 100m); wife & daughters unchanged.
Takeaway. State 2 demands the discipline of comparing three numbers — and the result is often counterintuitive: here the grandfather actually does best by ignoring muqasamah, and the brothers end up with mere crumbs of 1/48. Also notice the trap around the mother in Case C: the grandfather does not count as a “sibling” for the purpose of dropping the mother to 1/6 — two similar-looking rules that must not bleed into each other.
Sources: rules from the al-jadd wal-ikhwah chapter of Matan ar-Rahbiyyah + Sharh al-Hazimi (Shamela 11372, 36125). Full list in 15-references.