The first two cases drill the 7-step procedure chapter 06 without an ‘awl/radd correction: one full nuclear-family case, one case with a granddaughter and ‘ashabah ma’al-ghair.
Case A — Full nuclear family
Scenario. A woman dies leaving: a husband, mother, father, 2 sons, and 1 daughter. After funeral costs and debt settlement, the net estate is Rp 600,000,000. There is no bequest.
Solution steps.
- Filter for impediments & hajb: everyone here is among the “six who are never blocked” (chapter 05) plus children. No one is blocked.
- Status: husband 1/4 (there is issue); mother 1/6 (there is issue); father 1/6 (there is a male descendant → pure 1/6, with no additional residue); the children are ‘ashabah bil-ghair, male : female = 2 : 1.
- Base number (asal masalah): denominators 4 and 6 → LCM = 12.
- Fixed shares (saham furudh): husband 3, mother 2, father 2 → total 7.
- Residue: 12 − 7 = 5 for the children. Heads: 2 + 2 + 1 = 5 → exact fit, no tashih needed. Each son gets 2 shares, the daughter 1.
- Correction: none.
- Conversion: 1 share = 600 million ÷ 12 = Rp 50 million.
Base number: 12 Estate: Rp 600,000,000
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Heir Status Shares Rupiah
husband 1/4 3 150,000,000
mother 1/6 2 100,000,000
father 1/6 2 100,000,000
son (1) 'ashabah 2 100,000,000
son (2) 'ashabah 2 100,000,000
daughter 'ashabah b.g. 1 50,000,000
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Total 12 600,000,000 ✓flowchart TB
classDef mayit fill:#7f1d1d,stroke:#ef4444,color:#fee2e2
classDef furud fill:#1e3a8a,stroke:#3b82f6,color:#dbeafe
classDef asabah fill:#134e4a,stroke:#14b8a6,color:#ccfbf1
M["Deceased (f)<br/>estate Rp 600m"]:::mayit --> S["Husband 1/4<br/>Rp 150m"]:::furud
M --> I["Mother 1/6<br/>Rp 100m"]:::furud
M --> A["Father 1/6<br/>Rp 100m"]:::furud
M --> L1["Son 2/12 residue<br/>Rp 100m"]:::asabah
M --> L2["Son 2/12 residue<br/>Rp 100m"]:::asabah
M --> P["Daughter 1/12 residue<br/>Rp 50m"]:::asabah
Takeaway. A “full family” case is almost always this clean: the six who cannot be blocked plus children, base 12, the residue falls neatly to the children. Note the father does not get “1/6 + residue” because there is a son present — the residue belongs to the children’s line.
Case B — Granddaughter and sister ma’al-ghair
Scenario. A man dies leaving: a wife, 1 daughter, 1 granddaughter (through a son who predeceased him), and 1 full sister. The net estate is Rp 240,000,000.
Solution steps.
- Filter: no impediments. The granddaughter is not blocked (there is only one daughter, not two). The full sister is not blocked (there is no father/son).
- Status: wife 1/8 (there is issue); daughter 1/2 (alone); granddaughter 1/6 completing 2/3 (chapter 03, hadith of Ibn Mas’ud); full sister ‘ashabah ma’al-ghair (chapter 04) — takes the residue.
- Base number: denominators 8, 2, 6 → LCM = 24.
- Fixed shares: wife 3, daughter 12, granddaughter 4 → total 19.
- Residue: 24 − 19 = 5 → the full sister.
- Correction: not needed (every heir is a lone individual).
- Conversion: 1 share = 240 million ÷ 24 = Rp 10 million.
Base number: 24 Estate: Rp 240,000,000
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Heir Status Shares Rupiah
wife 1/8 3 30,000,000
daughter 1/2 12 120,000,000
granddaughter 1/6 (completing) 4 40,000,000
full sister 'ashabah m.g. 5 50,000,000
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Total 24 240,000,000 ✓Takeaway. Two “unintuitive” rules operate at once here: the granddaughter gets 1/6 not because there is a separate textual ruling giving her that number, but as the completion of the 2/3 due to the daughters’ line; and the full sister shifts from a fixed-share holder to a residue-taker because she is present alongside female descendants. If the sister were absent from this problem, would the leftover 5 shares fall to radd? No — first check for other ‘ashabah; only if there truly are none does radd (chapter 07) apply, to everyone except the wife.
Sources: case pattern from the practice-table chapter of Tashil al-Faraidh (Shamela 11095); the granddaughter’s 1/6 ruling: Sahih al-Bukhari 6736. Full list in 15-references.