Complete Inheritance Calculation According to Shaykh Ibn Uthaymin

A study guide to the science of faraidh (Islamic inheritance) from zero to being able to calculate it yourself, following the framework of Tashil al-Faraidh and the tarjih rulings of Shaykh Muhammad ibn Salih al-Uthaymin in ash-Sharh al-Mumti’. Sixteen files: layered theory, a standard 7-step calculation engine, and six fully worked case studies in rupiah.

Summary (TL;DR)

Faraidh is the only chapter of fiqh whose numbers are set directly by the Qur’an: six fixed shares (1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 2/3, 1/3, 1/6) for ashabul furudh, the residue for ‘ashabah, filtered through the hajb rules, then corrected by ‘awl/radd/tashih when things don’t fit. Ibn Uthaymin arranged these into short, practically memorizable rules, and on points of disagreement chose the opinion with the strongest evidence — his two most consequential tarjih rulings: a grandfather stands in the position of a father (siblings excluded) and radd goes to every furudh holder except a spouse.

Key points:

• Inheritance is the fifth right over the tirkah (estate) — after the rights tied to the body of the estate, funeral costs, debts, and bequests (max 1/3).
• Every problem is solved with the same 7-step procedure: filter → status → base number → shares → residue to ‘ashabah → correction → conversion to rupiah.
• There are only two blocks to memorize: the furudh table (chapter 03) and the hajb rules (chapter 05); the rest is practice hours.
• The biggest points of disagreement (grandfather + siblings, al-Mushtarakah, radd) are discussed openly with both opinions — the bundle consistently applies Ibn Uthaymin’s tarjih.
• For practice in Indonesia, the fiqh calculation needs to be reconciled with KHI/Religious Court rulings if it is to be given legal effect (chapter 13).

5W+1H

Question	Short answer	Chapter
What — what is faraidh?	The science of dividing an inheritance with shares set by the texts	01, 02
Why — why does it matter?	Shares are set by Allah; it is a communal obligation (fardhu kifayah); getting the division wrong means consuming someone’s right; most family disputes start here	01, 13
Who — who inherits, and who is the reference figure?	25 categories of heirs by blood, marriage, and wala’; Shaykh Ibn Uthaymin (1347–1421 H) as the framework	01–05
When — when does it apply?	After death is certain and the four prior rights are settled; cases of uncertain status (a fetus, a missing person) are held back	02, 09
Where — what is the context?	Fiqh (cross-country) plus a note on Indonesian practice specifically (KHI/Religious Courts)	13
How — how is it calculated?	The 7-step procedure plus ‘awl/radd/tashih correction and further cases	06–09, applied in 10–12

Concept map: how the calculation works

flowchart TB
  classDef start fill:#374151,stroke:#9ca3af,color:#f3f4f6
  classDef core fill:#134e4a,stroke:#14b8a6,color:#ccfbf1
  classDef how fill:#713f12,stroke:#ca8a04,color:#fef9c3
  classDef out fill:#1e3a8a,stroke:#3b82f6,color:#dbeafe
  H["The estate left behind"]:::start --> R["Subtract: burial costs, debts, bequests (max 1/3)"]:::start
  R --> T["TIRKAH — the estate to divide"]:::core
  T --> F["Ashabul furudh — fixed shares<br/>1/2 · 1/4 · 1/8 · 2/3 · 1/3 · 1/6"]:::core
  T --> A["'Ashabah — take the residue<br/>(nearest male relatives)"]:::core
  F --> HJ["Filter by HAJB<br/>the nearer blocks the farther"]:::how
  A --> HJ
  HJ --> K["Correct if it doesn't fit<br/>'awl · radd · tashih"]:::how
  K --> D["Final share for each heir"]:::out

Every classical path shares this same flow; only the choices at the disputed points differ. Ibn Uthaymin’s tarjih: the grandfather takes the father’s place (siblings drop), and radd to all fixed-share heirs except spouses.

Reading order

1. 01 — Big picture of faraidh
2. 02 — Foundations: pillars, conditions, causes, impediments
3. 03 — Ashabul furudh
4. 04 — ‘Ashabah
5. 05 — Hajb
6. 06 — Calculation engine: steps & base number
7. 07 — ‘Awl, radd, tashih
8. 08 — Grandfather with siblings & named cases
9. 09 — Heirs in special situations
10. 10 — Basic case studies · 11 — ‘Awl & radd case studies · 12 — Complex case studies
11. 13 — Evaluation & recommendation
12. 14 — Glossary · 15 — References

Prerequisites & notes

• Prerequisites: only basic fraction arithmetic (LCM, GCD). Arabic terms are explained the first time they appear and collected in the glossary.
• Fiqh position: the bundle follows Ibn Uthaymin’s tarjih and always flags points of disagreement; it is a learning tool, not a fatwa — for real-world division, consult a scholar (chapter 13).
• The Indonesian version is available in the sibling bundle: perhitungan-waris-ibnu-utsaimin-id/.