Two correction cases: the legendary al-Minbariyyah (‘awl from base 24 → 27) and radd alongside a spouse — two directions of “not fitting exactly” resolved without wronging anyone.
Case C — ‘Awl: al-Minbariyyah
Scenario. A man dies leaving: a wife, father, mother, and 2 daughters. The net estate is Rp 540,000,000. (This exact composition is what was asked of Ali ibn Abi Talib while he was on the pulpit (minbar) — his spontaneous answer: “the wife’s eighth becomes a ninth” — which is why it is named al-Minbariyyah.)
Solution steps.
- Filter: no one is blocked.
- Status: wife 1/8 (there is issue); father 1/6 (there is issue; because the descendants are female, the father could potentially also receive residue — but as we’ll see, there is no residue); mother 1/6; 2 daughters 2/3.
- Base number: denominators 8, 6, 3 → LCM = 24.
- Shares: wife 3, father 4, mother 4, daughters 16 → total 27 > 24.
- ‘Awl: the base is raised 24 → 27. Every share shrinks proportionally — the wife, who was 3/24 (= 1/8), is now 3/27 (= 1/9): exactly as Ali said.
- Tashih: 16 shares for 2 daughters → 8 each, a whole number. Not needed.
- Conversion: 1 share = 540 million ÷ 27 = Rp 20 million.
Base number: 24 → 'awl 27 Estate: Rp 540,000,000
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Heir Status Shares/24 Shares/27 Rupiah
wife 1/8 3 3 60,000,000
father 1/6 4 4 80,000,000
mother 1/6 4 4 80,000,000
daughter (1) 2/3 (16) 8 8 160,000,000
daughter (2) 8 8 160,000,000
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Total 27 27 540,000,000 ✓flowchart LR
classDef proses fill:#713f12,stroke:#ca8a04,color:#fef9c3
classDef furud fill:#1e3a8a,stroke:#3b82f6,color:#dbeafe
classDef hasil fill:#3b0764,stroke:#a855f7,color:#f3e8ff
A["Base 24<br/>shares demand 27"]:::proses --> B["'Awl:<br/>base 24 → 27"]:::proses
B --> C["Wife 3/27<br/>(1/8 → 1/9)"]:::furud
B --> D["Father 4/27"]:::furud
B --> E["Mother 4/27"]:::furud
B --> F["2 daughters 16/27"]:::furud
C & D & E & F --> G["Everyone shrinks<br/>proportionally"]:::hasil
Takeaway. ‘Awl does not pick a victim: every fixed-share holder absorbs the shortfall in proportion to their share, because no text gives one fixed share priority over another. Note too that the father here is purely 1/6 — his “1/6 + residue” option goes unused because there is no residue at all (there is in fact a deficit).
Case D — Radd alongside a spouse
Scenario. A man dies leaving: a wife, mother, and 1 maternal half-brother. There is no child, father, grandfather, or ‘ashabah at all. The net estate is Rp 120,000,000.
Solution steps.
- Filter: the maternal half-brother is not blocked (kalalah: no descendant and no male ascendant). There is no ‘ashabah.
- Status: wife 1/4 (no descendant); mother 1/3 (no descendant, and there is only one sibling — not 2+); maternal half-brother 1/6.
- Base and shares: LCM(4, 3, 6) = 12 → wife 3, mother 4, maternal half-brother 2 → total 9, residue 3, no ‘ashabah → radd.
- Radd (chapter 07): the wife does not receive radd. The method: the wife is locked at 1/4; the remaining 3/4 is distributed to the radd group according to the ratio of their fixed shares — mother 1/3 : maternal half-brother 1/6 = 2 : 1.
- Radd sub-problem: the radd group’s share total = 2 + 1 = 3; the residue for them is also 3 parts (out of a base of 4 belonging to the spouse: wife 1, residue 3) → it fits with no multiplier needed: combined base 4 → wife 1, mother 2, maternal half-brother 1.
- Conversion: 1 share = 120 million ÷ 4 = Rp 30 million.
Combined base: 4 Estate: Rp 120,000,000
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Heir Status Shares Rupiah
wife 1/4 (no radd) 1 30,000,000
mother 1/3 + radd 2 60,000,000
maternal half-brother 1/6 + radd 1 30,000,000
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Total 4 120,000,000 ✓Cross-check with fractions: wife 1/4 = 3/12; the remaining 9/12 split 2:1 → mother 6/12 (= 1/2), maternal half-brother 3/12 (= 1/4). Same result.
Takeaway. Two things: (1) radd preserves the ratio between fixed shares — the mother stays exactly twice the maternal half-brother both before and after radd; (2) a spouse is excluded from radd because their inheritance right comes from marriage, not blood — if, in this case, there were no mother and no maternal half-brother at all (and no dzawil arham), then per the opinion generally practiced, the residue would go to the bayt al-mal — and some scholars permit radd to a spouse when there truly are no relatives; Ibn Uthaymin considered radd to relatives sufficient.
Sources: Tashil al-Faraidh, the chapter on al-‘awl and ar-radd (Shamela 11095); the Minbariyyah story is transmitted by faraidh texts from the atsar of Ali ibn Abi Talib. Full list in 15-references.