Warismatika ID
Ibn Uthaymin

12 — Complex Case Studies (2 cases)

The capstone cases: double tashih (two stuck groups at once) and munasakhat (successive deaths before the estate is divided) — the kind of problem that comes up most often in the real world, because families frequently delay division for years.

Case E — Double tashih: 2 wives and 5 sons

Scenario. A man dies leaving 2 wives and 5 sons. The net estate is Rp 800,000,000.

Solution steps.

  1. Status: the wives share 1/8 (there is issue); the 5 sons are ‘ashabah.
  2. Base number: only denominator 8 → 8. The wives (together) 1, the children’s residue 7.
  3. Check the per-head division:
    • Wives’ group: 1 share ÷ 2 heads → stuck. GCD(1,2) = 1 (tabayun) → multiplier 2.
    • Children’s group: 7 shares ÷ 5 heads → stuck. GCD(7,5) = 1 (tabayun) → multiplier 5.
  4. Combine the multipliers: 2 and 5 share no common factor → juz’us-sahm = 2 × 5 = 10.
  5. Tashih: base 8 × 10 = 80. The wives (together) 10 → 5 per wife; the children 70 → 14 per child.
  6. Conversion: 1 share = 800 million ÷ 80 = Rp 10 million.
Base number: 8 → tashih ×10 = 80     Estate: Rp 800,000,000
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Heir         Status      Shares/8  Shares/80  Rupiah
wife (1)     1/8 ─┐         1          5       50,000,000
wife (2)     1/8 ─┘                    5       50,000,000
son ×5       'ashabah       7         14 each 140,000,000 each
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Total                       8         80      800,000,000 ✓

Takeaway. Tashih (chapter 07) can arise from several groups at once; the multipliers are combined (multiplied together if coprime, or take the LCM if they share factors). The final number can look large (80), but every step is mechanical.

Case F — Munasakhat: successive deaths before division

Scenario. Mr. A dies leaving: a wife, 2 sons (B and C), and 1 daughter (D). Before the estate is divided, B dies, leaving: a wife (A’s daughter-in-law), 1 daughter, a mother (i.e., A’s wife), a brother (C), and a sister (D). A’s estate is Rp 480,000,000; B has no assets other than his share from A.

flowchart LR
  classDef mayit fill:#7f1d1d,stroke:#ef4444,color:#fee2e2
  classDef proses fill:#713f12,stroke:#ca8a04,color:#fef9c3
  classDef hasil fill:#3b0764,stroke:#a855f7,color:#f3e8ff
  A["Mas'alah 1:<br/>A's estate (base 40)"]:::mayit --> B["B's shares = 14<br/>(B dies before division)"]:::proses
  B --> C["Mas'alah 2:<br/>B's estate (base 72)"]:::mayit
  C --> D["Jami'ah 40 × 36 = 1,440<br/>(wafq 72÷2)"]:::proses
  D --> E["Final shares of 5 recipients<br/>(2 of them in double roles)"]:::hasil

Mas’alah 1 — A’s estate.

  1. Wife 1/8; B, C (2 sons) & D (1 daughter) are ‘ashabah 2:2:1.
  2. Base 8: wife 1, residue 7 for 5 heads → tabayun → ×5 → base 40: wife 5, B 14, C 14, D 7.

Mas’alah 2 — B’s estate.

  1. Filter: no one is blocked — B has a daughter (not a son), so his siblings are not blocked. An easily missed point: D also inherits from B — she is B’s full sister, and together with her brother C she becomes ‘ashabah bil-ghair (2:1), not a bystander.
  2. Status: B’s wife 1/8 (there is a child); B’s daughter 1/2; mother 1/6; C & D are ‘ashabah bil-ghair (2:1) over the residue.
  3. Base 24: B’s wife 3, daughter 12, mother 4 → residue 5 for 3 heads (C=2, D=1) → tabayun → ×3 → base 72: B’s wife 9, B’s daughter 36, mother 12, C 10, D 5.

Combination (jami’ah).

  1. B’s shares in mas’alah 1 = 14; the base of mas’alah 2 = 72. GCD(14, 72) = 2 → wafq of mas’alah 2 = 72 ÷ 2 = 36.
  2. Jami’ah = 40 × 36 = 1,440. The shares of mas’alah 1 are multiplied by 36; the recipients of mas’alah 2 get their mas’alah-2 shares × B’s wafq share (14 ÷ 2 = 7).
Jami'ah: 1,440                          Estate: Rp 480,000,000 (1 share = Rp 333,333.33)
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Recipient              From mas'alah 1      From mas'alah 2     Total shares  Rupiah
A's wife (B's mother)  5 × 36 = 180         12 × 7 =  84             264        88,000,000
C (A's son)            14 × 36 = 504        10 × 7 =  70             574       191,333,333
D (A's daughter)        7 × 36 = 252         5 × 7 =  35             287        95,666,667
B's wife                —                    9 × 7 =  63              63        21,000,000
B's daughter             —                  36 × 7 = 252             252        84,000,000
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Total                   (936 for A's living heirs + 504 belonging to B)         1,440      480,000,000 ✓

Takeaway.

  1. Munasakhat = two ordinary mas’alahs + one combination. Work each death with the standard procedure, then unite them through the second deceased’s shares (use wafq when possible, to keep the numbers as compact as possible).
  2. Dual roles are normal: A’s wife becomes “mother” in mas’alah 2; C becomes “brother”; D, who in mas’alah 1 was ‘ashabah bil-ghair because of C, is also ‘ashabah bil-ghair in mas’alah 2 — because of her own full brother.
  3. In the real world, the rupiah figures are rarely round — let the shares carry fractions, and round only the final rupiah amount (here rounded to the nearest rupiah; the small leftover difference is settled by mutual goodwill).

Sources: the munasakhat and tashih methods from Tashil al-Faraidh (Shamela 11095) and ash-Sharh al-Mumti’, the chapter on Faraidh. Full list in 15-references.