Technical faraidh terms used throughout the bundle, ordered for easy lookup. The Arabic form is given once; after that the term is used as-is.
| Term | Meaning in faraidh |
|---|---|
| ’Ashabah (عصبة) | Heirs without a fixed share; they receive the entire remainder after the furudh — can be many, can be none (chapter 04) |
| ‘Ashabah bil-ghair | A woman who becomes ‘ashabah because of her brother (daughter + son, etc.), split 2:1 |
| ’Ashabah ma’al-ghair | A full/paternal-half sister who becomes ‘ashabah because she inherits alongside a daughter or son’s daughter |
| Ashlul-mas’alah (base number) | The principal figure for the division: the LCM of the denominators of all furudh present (chapter 06) |
| Ashabul furudh | The owners of fixed shares: 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 2/3, 1/3, 1/6 (chapter 03) |
| ‘Awl (عول) | Raising the base number when the total of the furudh exceeds it; every share shrinks proportionally (chapter 07) |
| Dzawil arham | Non-furudh, non-‘ashabah relatives (a daughter’s children, a maternal grandfather, an aunt, etc.); they inherit only when neither of the other two categories exists, using the tanzil method (chapter 09) |
| Furudh / faridhah | A share fixed by the nash (scriptural text) |
| Gharqa / hadma | Drowning/collapse victims — a figure of speech for anyone who dies simultaneously with no known order of death; they do not inherit from one another |
| Hajb (حجب) | An heir being blocked by someone closer: hirman (blocked entirely) or nuqshan (their share is reduced) (chapter 05) |
| Haml | A fetus in the womb; inherits if already conceived when the deceased dies and born alive |
| Jami’ah | The combined base in munasakhat (the first problem’s base × the wafq of the second problem) |
| Juz’us-sahm | The tashih multiplier |
| Kalalah | A deceased person with no descendants and no father; the condition for siblings to inherit (An-Nisa 12 & 176) |
| Khuntsa musykil | A person whose sex cannot be determined; calculated under both scenarios, given the smaller of the two |
| Mafqud | A missing person whose life or death is unknown; awaits a judge’s ruling |
| Mahjub | Blocked by another heir — but their presence can still affect others |
| Mamnu’ | Rejected due to an impediment (killing, differing religion, slavery) — treated as not existing at all (chapter 02) |
| Mawani’ | Impediments to inheritance |
| Munasakhat | Successive deaths before the estate is divided; resolved with two problems + a jami’ah (chapter 12) |
| Muwarrits / warits / mauruts | The deceased / the heir / the inherited estate — the three pillars of inheritance |
| Al-Minbariyyah | The ‘awl case of 24→27 (wife+father+mother+2 daughters) answered by Ali from the pulpit |
| Al-Musytarakah (al-Himariyyah) | The case of husband+mother+2 maternal half-siblings+full sibling; the furudh are used up, and the full sibling gets nothing under the ruling adopted here (chapter 08) |
| Radd (رد) | Returning the estate’s remainder to the ashabul furudh (other than the husband/wife) proportionally, when there is no ‘ashabah |
| Tanzil | The dzawil arham method: placing each relative in the position of their intermediary |
| Tashih | Multiplying the whole problem so each head’s share becomes a whole number |
| Tirkah | The deceased’s entire estate before deducting the obligations that take precedence over inheritance |
| Al-‘Umariyyatain | Two cases (spouse+mother+father) in which the mother receives 1/3 of the remainder — Umar’s ruling |
| Wafq | The result of dividing by the GCD in tawafuq (used in tashih and jami’ah) |
| Wala’ | The inheritance relationship created by freeing a slave |
Back to the README for the bundle’s map, or to 15-references for sources.